There are numerous eye problems which can be complex, This may be because of one or more of the following reasons : Many Eye problems are not detected even as these develop slowly And are noticed when manifested in terms of pain, discomfort or deterioration of Vision Complexity comes in because the symptoms are vague and easily attributable to a cause. Some of the problems are not easily treatable and may appear again & again after some periods of treatment. Some Eye problems may be complex as these may appear subsequent To some body disease and/or treatment or surgery. Accident, injuries, professional hazards, virus, UV rays are other reasons which may an eye problem complex in nature. Several times some eye problems are congenital and are because of Genetics disorders. Cornea is the most essential for good vision. The outermost tissue of cornea functions like a window that controls lights into the eye. It also filters some of the most damaging ultraviolet (UV) lights , some wave length in sun lights. Shape, design, health, nature of Cornea, and changes in this, determines the final vision. PROBABLE CAUSES Some of the probable causes are summarized below : Injury , abrasion, or accident Chemical burns Congenital or Genetics Abnormal growth or change Microbial Infections. Ocular Herpes / Herpes Zoster Corneal Dystrophies ( Over 20 types ) Keratoconus. Malnutrition ( Vit A deficiency ) Cornea becomes cloudy due to disease, injury or infection. A damaged Cornea distorts light as it enters the eye thereby leading to decrease of eyesight. This type of visual impairment is called corneal blindness. Hence any change in cornea, for whatever reasons it may be, can cause problems including astigmatism , nearsightness, and many other disease. The cornea and ocular surface can be severely damaged by a number of problems, including: Chemical, mechanical and thermal injuries Corneal infections Diseases such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and pemphigoid Chronic infections or inflammations Malnutrition (Vitamin A deficiency) New tissue growths such as pterygium and tumors Neurotrophic conditions (due to damage to the eye's sensory nerves) Rare hereditary conditions such as aniridia (congenital absence of the iris)           Corneal Opacity

SYMPTOMS

There could be several symptoms visible or invisible. There could be some or more of the following. These may subside on medication but recure time & again Unbearable pain, occasional or Continual Discharge Burning of Eyes Corneal opacities or Dystrophy. Decrease in Vision Others with varying conditions of visions. Corneal Blindness Neurotrophic Condition. Aniridia ( Congential ) Dry Eye Syndrome.

Some of the above symptoms & complex eye problem are briefly in the next section :

Surya Eye caters to all Complex eye problems including the following. Many of the Complex Eye Problems pertain to Cornea. It is therefore important to understand as to which problems affect the cornea.
The cornea copes very well with minor injuries or abrasions. If dirt scratches the highly sensitive cornea, epithelial cells slide over quickly and patch the injury before infection occurs and vision is affected.
But if the scratch penetrates the cornea more deeply, the healing process will take longer, resulting in greater pain, blurred vision, tearing, redness, and extreme sensitivity to light. These symptoms require professional treatment. Some of the more serious problems that affect the cornea are:

DRY EYE SYNDROME :
Decreased tear production can result in burning, stinging, itching, foreign body sensation, dryness, soreness, heaviness of the lids, light sensitivity, and/or ocular fatigue. Occasionally there may be episodes of excessive tearing due to dryness, causing severe irritation of the eyes.
Symptoms often are worse at the end of the day and can be aggravated by certain activities (e.g., reading, watching television, or working on the computer) and certain environments (e.g., airplane cabins, air conditioners, smoky rooms.)

CORNEAL EDEMA :
Corneal edema means that the surface layer of the eye, the cornea, is swollen. It can cause mild to severe irritation and decreased vision. Causes include surgery (including cataract surgery), trauma, and corneal dystrophy. Treatment with eye drops may help. Patients with advanced corneal edema may require surgery, such as a corneal transplant.

SKIN CANCER OF EYE :
Just like on the skin, there are many types of cancers that can affect the eye. The most common is similar to a common skin cancer and develops on the surface of the eye.
It is typically treated with surgical removal of the cancer to prevent it from affecting your vision or spreading to other parts of the body. Occasionally, eye drops can be helpful. While this type of cancer does not usually grow back, patients will need to be monitored for recurrence following removal.

RECURRENT EROSION SYNDROME :
Loosening of the surface layer of the cornea can cause mild to severe pain, depending on the amount of damage. The pain usually develops during the night or upon waking in the morning, and can recur.
Traumas to the eye or certain cornea dystrophies predispose people to these painful episodes. Recurrent erosions often respond to treatment with eye drops and ointments. If not, they may be treatable with anterior stromal micropuncture, diamond burr polishing of the cornea, or with laser surgery.

CORNEAL DYSTROPHY :
Corneal dystrophies are inherited non-inflammatory diseases that affect both eyes. There are several types of corneal dystrophy. Some corneal dystrophies, such anterior basement membrane dystrophy, affect the front surface of the cornea.
Dystrophies that affect the front layer of the cornea can cause painful episodes, decreased vision, or both. Some dystrophies affect the body of the cornea, such as granular or macular lattice dystrophy. These dystrophies can also cause decreased vision, painful episodes, or both.
Dystrophies that affect the back surface of the cornea, such as Fuchs' dystrophy, can lead to corneal edema (see below). Treatment options include eye drops, eye ointments and surgery. Surgical options include removing the surface layer of the cornea with a diamond burr or excimer laser, phototherapeutic keratectomy (PK), and corneal transplantation.

PTERYGIUM :
A pterygium is a wedge-shaped scar tissue growth on the surface of the cornea caused by sun exposure. Pterygia can cause redness and inflammation of the eye. If pterygia become large, they can cause decreased vision.
Occasionally, an inflamed pterygium may respond to eye drops. When vision becomes affected or the pterygium grows quickly, surgery to remove it is often recommended. At Corneal Associates, we remove pterygia on an outpatient basis.

MICROBIAL INFECTION :
When the cornea is damaged, such as after a foreign object has penetrated the tissue, bacteria or fungi can pass into the cornea, causing a deep infection and inflammation. This condition may cause severe pain, reduce visual clarity, produce a corneal discharge, and perhaps erode the cornea.
As a general rule, the deeper the corneal infection, the more severe the symptoms and complications. It should be noted that microbial infections, although relatively infrequent, are the most serious complication of contact lens wear.
Minor corneal infections are commonly treated with anti-bacterial or anti-fungal eye drops. If the problem is more severe, a person may receive more intensive antibiotic treatment to eliminate the infection and may need to take steroid eye drops to reduce inflammation. Frequent visits to an eye care professional may be necessary for several months to eliminate the problem.

OCULAR HERPES :

KERATOCONUS :
This is a type of corneal bystrophy Keratoconus stems from one of several causes: (1) an inherited corneal abnormality. About 7 percent of those with the condition have a family history of keratoconus; (2) an eye injury, i.e., excessive eye rubbing or wearing hard contact lenses for many years; (3) certain eye diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa, retinopathy of prematurity, vernal keratoconjunctivitis; or (4) systemic diseases, such as Leber's congenital amaurosis, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Down's syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Addison's disease. Keratoconus usually occurs during puberty, or shortly thereafter. At first, people can correct their vision with eyeglasses.

Keratoconus Cornea But as the astigmatism worsens, they must rely on specially fitted contact lenses to reduce the distortion and provide better vision. Finding a comfortable contact lens can be an extremely frustrating and difficult process. However, it is crucial because a poorly fitting lens could further damage the cornea and make wearing a contact lens intolerable. In most cases, the cornea will stabilize after a few years without ever causing severe vision problems. But in about 10 to 20 percent of people with keratoconus, the cornea will eventually become too scarred or will not tolerate a contact lens. If either of these problems occur, a person will probably need to replace the diseased tissue with a donor cornea, called a corneal transplant.

LATTICE DYSTROPHY :
      Although lattice dystrophy can occur at any time in life, the condition usually arises in children between the ages of 2 and 7. It is characterized by an accumulation of abnormal protein fibers (amyloid) throughout the middle and anterior stroma. However, the disease is NOT related to amyloidosis, a serious systemic disease.
Lattice dystrophy gets its name from the amyloid deposits, which during an eye examination can appear as clear, comma-shaped dots and branching filaments that overlap each other in the stroma, creating a lattice effect. Over time, the lattice lines will grow opaque and involve more of the stroma.
They will also gradually coalesce, giving the cornea a slight cloudiness that may also reduce vision somewhat.

Surya Complex Eye Problems Clinic is well equipped with relevant advanced Ophthalmic instruments, facilities and competent consultants for excellent diagnosis and treatment. The treatment comprises of effective eye check-up, diagnostic tests and necessary medication and or surgical measures depending upon the medical history, type of problem and other related aspects. The treatment may require :

• Pachymetry- Measurement of corneal thickness
• Corneal Topography - Mapping of the cornea
• Specialized contact lens fitting

In extreme case of Corneal blindness or Visual Impairement the Ophthalmologist has to carefully the various pros & cons and second opinion may also be songht : The cornea becomes cloudy due to disease, injury or infection.
A damaged cornea distorts light as it enters the eye thereby leading to decrease of eye sight. This kind of visual impairment is called corneal blindness. This is the only type of visual impairment that can be treated by corneal transplantation. Corneal problems can afflict anyone at any age.
A corneal transplant involves replacing a diseased or scarred cornea with a clear, healthy donor cornea. For many individuals, a corneal transplant may be the only hope for vision restoration, and may be necessary when the cornea is cloudy or damaged due to disease, injury, accident, malnutrition or hereditary conditions. Cornea Transplant- A clear central area allows light transmission.